ABSTRACT
El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en presentar al lector una descripción de las técnicas de examen neurológico de los pares creneales que están en relación con el ejercicio de la odontología, como lo son el nervio oftálmico, trigémino, facial, glosofaríngeo, neumogástrico espinal e hipogloso
Subject(s)
Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/physiology , Facial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Facial Nerve/physiology , Diagnosis, Oral/standards , Hypoglossal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Hypoglossal Nerve/physiology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/physiology , Trigeminal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Neurologic Examination , Olfactory Nerve/anatomy & histology , Olfactory Nerve/physiologyABSTRACT
Odorant detection takes place at the receptor neurons of the olfactory epithelium and odorant discrimination relies in an important degree on these chemosensory cells. Here we review the evidence for the participation of multiple transduction pathways in the mechanisms of odor recognition in olfactory neurons
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Odorants , Olfactory Nerve/physiology , Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology , Smell/physiology , Vertebrates/physiology , Carbon Monoxide , Cyclic AMP/physiology , Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/physiology , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Receptors, Odorant/physiology , Second Messenger Systems/physiologyABSTRACT
Spindles (8-11 Hz and up to 100 uV in amplitude) recorded on the surface of the surface of the telencephalic hemispheres and olfaactory bulbs of the conscious toad disappear after transection between these two structures, indicating that their presence depends onm the integrity of their interconnections. Spindles continue to be present, although in reduced numbers, after transection between the hemispheres and the diencephalon, indicating that caudal regions are not essential for generating spindles but modulate the neurons responsible for spindle genesis. In contrast, the olfactoryy nerves, in addition to their known phasis activity on the spindles, exert a tonic action since after their section there is a change in the duration and amplitude of component waves